跟随狂神学Java-34,SpringMVC

第三十四:SpringMVC

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什么是MVC


MVC
  • 模型(dao,service)Model

  • 视图(jsp)View

  • 控制器(Servlet)Controller

最经典的MVC就是JSP+Servlet+JavaBean模式

MVVM:M,V,VM(View Model:双向绑定)


Model1时代
  • 在早期web的开发中,通常采用的都是Model1

  • Model1中,主要分两层,视图层和模型层

image-20230728153817946

优缺点:

  • 优点:架构简单,适合小型项目开发

  • 缺点:JSP职责不单一,职责过重,不便于维护


Model2时代

Model2把一个项目成三部分,包括视图、控制、模型,即现在的架构

image-20230728154449423

SpringMVC


什么是SpringMVC

概述:

SpringMVC是SpringFramework的一部分,是基于Java实现的MVC的轻量级Web框架


为什么要学习SpringMVC
  1. 轻量级,简单易学‘

  2. 高效,基于请求响应的MVC框架

  3. 与Spring兼容性好,无缝结合

    • 我们可以把SpringMVC中要用到的类,注册到Spring中
  4. 约定优于配置

  5. 功能强大,RESETful,数据验证,格式化,本地化,主题等

  6. 简洁灵活


了解SpringMVC

SpringMVC的底层也是Servlet

image-20230728171708544

SpringMVC的原理如下图image-20230728172000508

SpringMVC执行流程图(实线部分不需要我们做,虚线部分需要我们做)

image-20230729144510938

  1. DispatcherServlet表示前置控制器,是整个SpringMVC的控制中心。用户发出请求,DispatcherServlet接收请求并拦截请求

    • 我们假设请求的URL为http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/hello
    • 如上URL拆分成三部分:
    • 通过分析,如上url表示为:请求位于服务器localhost:8080上的SpringMVC站点的hello控制器
  2. HandlerMapping为处理器映射,DispatcherServlet调用HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找handler

  3. HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器,如上url被查找控制器为:hello

  4. HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器,如上url被查找控制器为:hello

  5. HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler

  6. Handler让具体的Controller执行

  7. Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter,如ModelAndView

  8. HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或逻辑模型传递给DispatcherServlet

  9. DispatcherServlet根据视图解析器解析的视图结果,调用具体的视图

  10. 最终视图呈现给用户


使用SpringMVC必须配置的三大件
  • 处理器映射器

  • 处理器适配器

  • 视图解析器

两种开发模式


通过XML开发SpingXML

image-20230729154734085

特点:

  • 三大件均需手动配置,麻烦

  • 容易维护

代码:

  1. web.xml中准备好DispatcherServlet

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
    version="4.0">

    <!-- 1. 配置DispatcherServlet,这是SpringMVC的核心:请求分发器,前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- DispatcherServlet 要绑定SpringMVC的配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 启动级别,为1时跟随服务器启动 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 注意:
    / 匹配所有的请求(不包括.jsp)
    /* 匹配所有的请求(包括.jsp)
    一般写/就行
    -->
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    </web-app>
  2. spirngmvc-servlet.xml中准备好处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器,记得在web.xml中绑定此xml文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 其实就是Spring的配置文件 -->
    <!-- 处理器映射器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!-- 处理器适配器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    </beans>
  3. 编写页面WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp

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    <%--
    Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
    User: Joker
    Date: 2023/7/29
    Time: 15:05
    To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    ${msg}
    </body>
    </html>
  4. 配置控制器Controller(实现Controller接口或者是用来@Controller注解的类为一个Controller)HelloController.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 15:20
    */
    public class HelloController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();

    // 业务代码
    String result = "Hello SpringMVC!";
    modelAndView.addObject("msg", result);

    // 视图跳转
    modelAndView.setViewName("test"); // 交给springmvc-servlet.xml中的视图解析器,根据其配置,将会自动拼接链接并跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp

    return modelAndView; // 必需:返回一个ModelAndView
    }
    }

    addObject方法可以设置要返回的对象

    setViewName方法可以设置要跳转的页面

  5. 在SpringMVC配置文件(springmvc-servlet.xml)中注册bean

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 其实就是Spring的配置文件 -->
    <!-- 处理器映射器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!-- 处理器适配器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping需要根据bean的名字来找 -->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.joker_yue.controller.HelloController"/>
    </beans>

通过注解开发SpingMVC

image-20230729162635128

特点:

  • 三大件中只需要配置视图解析器,另外两个不需要手动配置

  • 没那么容易维护

代码:

  1. 注册DispatcherServlet,web.xml

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
    version="4.0">

    <!-- 1. 配置DispatcherServlet,这是SpringMVC的核心:请求分发器,前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- DispatcherServlet 要绑定SpringMVC的配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 启动级别,为1时跟随服务器启动 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 注意:
    / 匹配所有的请求(不包括.jsp)
    /* 匹配所有的请求(包括.jsp)
    一般写/就行
    -->
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    </web-app>
  2. SpringMVC配置文件,springmvc-servlet.xml

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <!-- 自动扫描包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.joker_yue.controller"/>

    <!-- 让SpringMVC不处理静态资源 例如css,js,mp3,mp4等 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--
    支持MVC注解驱动
    在Spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
    原来必须向上下文注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
    这两个示例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
    而现在使用annotation-driven配置就可以帮助我们自动完成上述两个示例的注入
    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- 前缀 -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
    <!-- 后缀 -->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>


    </beans>
  3. 控制器,HelloController.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 16:09
    */
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("/hello") // 如果写了这个,那么下面所有请求都要先经过它
    public class HelloController {
    @RequestMapping("/h1")
    public String hello(Model model) {
    {
    // 封装数据
    model.addAttribute("msg", "hello");
    return "hello";// 会被视图解析器处理
    }
    }
    }

  4. 前端页面,hello.jsp

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    <%--
    Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
    User: Joker
    Date: 2023/7/29
    Time: 16:08
    To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>

    </body>
    </html>

Controller


实现方式一:实现Controller接口

说明

  • 实现Controller接口定义控制器是较老的办法

缺点

  • 一个控制器中只有一个方法,如果使用多个方法则需要定义多个Controller;定义的方式比较麻烦

注意

  • 通过这种方式实现的Controller,是需要在SpingMVC配置文件中将Controller进行注册的

代码

  • ControllerTest01.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 16:52
    */

    // 只要实现了Controller接口的类,说明它就是一个Controller控制器了
    public class ControllerTest01 implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

    mv.addObject("msg", "controller test01");
    mv.setViewName("test");

    return mv;
    }
    }
  • springmvc-servlet.xml

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    <!-- 注册Controller -->
    <bean name="/t1" class="com.joker_yue.controller.ControllerTest01"/>

实现方式二:通过注解(最常用)

这四个常用注解都是将类注册为组件

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@Component		组件
@Service Service层
@Controller Controller层
@Repository dao层

代码:

  • ControllerTest02.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 17:06
    */
    @Controller // 代表将会被Spring托管
    public class ControllerTest02 {

    @RequestMapping("/t2")
    public String test(Model model) {
    model.addAttribute("msg", "controller test02");
    return "test";
    // return "hello"; // 这样写将会走/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
    }
    }

注意

  • 被Controller注解所注解的类,其中如果有方法返回值为String,并且有具体的页面可以跳转,那么这个方法将会被视图解析器解析,其中return的返回值为要拼接跳转的页面

  • 如果传参有Model,说明将会携带数据

  • @RequestMapping可以注解到类和方法上。当注解到类上时,要访问方法,先要经过类上的路径

RestFul风格


什么是restful风格

传统风格

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http://localhost:8080/method?add=1&add=2

restful

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http://localhost:8080/method/add/1/2

操作:

现在有一个类,希望实现a+b

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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/29 17:30
*/
@Controller
public class RestfulController {
@RequestMapping("/add")
public String test1(int a,int b, Model model) {

int res = a + b;
model.addAttribute("msg", "结果为" + res);

return "test";
}
}

需要的链接为

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http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
  • 而现在我们希望将其改成Restful传参

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 17:30
    */
    @Controller
    public class RestfulController {

    // 原来的: http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
    // Restful:http://localhost:8080/add/a/b

    @RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {

    int res = a + b;
    model.addAttribute("msg", "结果为" + res);

    return "test";
    }
    }

    原来的链接将不可用,现在需要的是

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    http://localhost:8080/add/a/b
  • 我们甚至还可以限定它通过什么方式请求,比如我们这里将其限定为通过GET方式请求

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 17:30
    */
    @Controller
    public class RestfulController {

    // 原来的: http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
    // Restful:http://localhost:8080/add/a/b

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {

    int res = a + b;
    model.addAttribute("msg", "结果为" + res);

    return "test";
    }
    }

    现在它只能通过get方式请求

  • 我们可以使用GetMapping注解来代替RequestMapping请求来达到上述同样的效果

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 17:30
    */
    @Controller
    public class RestfulController {

    // 原来的: http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
    // Restful:http://localhost:8080/add/a/b

    // @RequestMapping(value = "/add/{a}/{b}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
    public String test1(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model) {

    int res = a + b;
    model.addAttribute("msg", "结果为" + res);

    return "test";
    }
    }
  • 当然,有GetMapping就肯定有DeleteMapping这些衍生的

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    @GetMapping
    @postMapping
    @Putmapping
    @DeleteMapping
    @PatchMapping

注意:

  • 通过Restful风格,可以做到地址栏相同而结果不同,这是由于请求方式不同

优点

  • 使路径变得简洁

  • 获得参数更加方便,框架会自动进行类型转换

  • 通过路径的类型可以约束访问参数,如果路径不一样,则访问不到对应的请求方法

  • 安全,原来一定会暴露一些参数

  • 高效,支持缓存

重定向和转发


重定向

我们可以使用Servlet的request和response来完成重定向和转发,这种方法就不需要视图解析器了

代码:

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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/29 19:45
*/

@Controller
public class ModelTest01 {

@RequestMapping("m1/t1")
public String test(Model model) {

// 转发
model.addAttribute("msg", "model test01");
return "/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp";
}
}

在return语句中,你可以显式的来告诉这是转发

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return "forward:/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp";

转发
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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/29 19:45
*/

@Controller
public class ModelTest01 {

@RequestMapping("m1/t1")
public String test(Model model) {

// 重定向
model.addAttribute("msg", "model test01");
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}

处理、提交数据


获取数据
  1. 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致

    提交数据:http://localhost:8080/hello?name=joker

    处理方法:

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    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(String name){
    System.out.println(name);
    return "hello";
    }

    后台输出:joker

  2. 提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致

    提交数据http://localhost:8080/hello?username=joker

    处理方法:使用注解@RequestParam

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    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name){
    System.out.println(name);
    return "hello";
    }

    建议:不管前后端名称一不一样,都加上@RequestParam注解

  3. 提交的是一个对象

    1. 实体类

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      package com.joker_yue.pojo;

      import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
      import lombok.Data;
      import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

      /**
      * @author Joker
      * @version 1.0
      * @date 2023/7/29 20:13
      */

      @Data
      @AllArgsConstructor
      @NoArgsConstructor
      public class User {
      private int id;
      private String name;
      private String age;
      }
    2. 提交数据http://localhost:8080/user/t2?id=1&name=joker&age=19

    3. 处理方法

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      // 前端接收的是一个对象:id,name,age
      // 将会自动匹配字段名,字段不一致将会匹配不到
      @GetMapping("t2")
      public String test2(User user) {
      System.out.println(user);
      return "test";
      }
    4. 后台输出User(id=1, name=joker, age=19)


提交数据

你可以使用Model,这是最常用的

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public String test1(Model model) {

model.addAttribute("msg", "Test Message“);

return "test";
}

也可以使用ModelAndView

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public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();

// 业务代码
String result = "Hello SpringMVC!";
modelAndView.addObject("msg", result);

// 视图跳转
modelAndView.setViewName("test"); // 交给springmvc-servlet.xml中的视图解析器,根据其配置,将会自动拼接链接并跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp

return modelAndView; // 必需:返回一个ModelAndView
}
}

还可以使用ModelMap

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public String test2(ModelMap model) {

model.addAttribute("msg", "Test Message 2“);

return "test";
}

一些关系

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LinkedHashMap

ModelMap:继承了LinkedHashMap,拥有LinkedHashMap的全部功能

Model:精简版ModelMap,因为大部分情况下用不着ModelMap,Model够用

解决乱码


自己写的过滤器
  • EncodingFilter.java

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    package com.joker_yue.filter;

    import javax.servlet.*;
    import java.io.IOException;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/29 21:03
    */
    public class EncodeingFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
    }
  • web.xml

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    <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.joker_yue.filter.EncodeingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

Spring自带的过滤器
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<!--  SpringMVC EncodingFilter -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

JSON


什么是Json

前后端分离时代:

  • 后端部署后端,提供接口,提供数据

  • 前端独立部署,负责渲染后端的数据

前后端数据约定:

  • JSON,JavaScript Object Notation,JS对象标记,是一种轻量级的数据交换格式,目前使用广泛

JSON的特性:

  • 采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来储存和表示数据

  • 简洁和清晰的层次结构是的JSON成为理想的数据交换语言

  • 易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成,并有效地提升网络传输效率


JSON的使用

在JavaScript中,一切都是对象,因此,任何JavaScript支持的类型都可以通过JSON来表示,例如字符串,数字,对象,数组等。看看它的要求和语法格式:

  • 对象表示为键值对,数据由逗号分隔

  • 花括号保存为对象 {}

  • 方括号保存为数组 []

JSON键值对是用来保存JavaScript对象的一种方式,和JavaScript对象的写法也大同小异,键/值对组合中的键名写在前面并用双引号 “ ” 包括,使用冒号 : 分割,然后紧接着值:

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{"name":"joker"}
{"age":"19"}
{"sex":"男"}

JSON是JavaScript对象的字符串表示法,它使用文本表示一个JS对象的信息本质是一个字符串

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var obj ={a:'hello',b:'world'};	//这是一个对象,注意键名也是可以使用引号包裹的
var json='{"a":"hello" , "b":"world"}'; //这是一个json字符串,本质就是字符串

JSON和JavaScript对象互转

  • 要实现从JSON字符串转换为JavaScript独享,使用JSON.parse()方法

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    var obj = JSON.parse('{"a": "hello", "b": "world"}');
    // 结果为{a:'hello',b:'world'}
  • 要实现从JavaScript对象转为JSON字符串,使用JSON.stringify()方法

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    var json = JSON.stringify({a:'hello',b:'world'});
    // 结果为'{"a":"hello" , "b":"world"}'

小测试:

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>

<script type="text/javascript">
// 编写一个javascript对象
var user={
name:"张三",
age:18,
sex:"男"
};
console.log(user);

// 将对象转换为json字符串
var jsonStr=JSON.stringify(user);
console.log(jsonStr);

// 将字符串转换为JSON
var json=JSON.parse(jsonStr);
console.log(json);

</script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Controller返回JSON数据-Jsckson
  • Jackson是目前比较好的json解析工具

  • 当然,解析工具不止这一个,比如还有阿里巴巴的fastjson等

我们使用Jackson来演示

  1. 导入配置

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    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.14.2</version>
    </dependency>
  2. 导入配置:springmvc-servlet.xml,web.xml

  3. 编写实体类和Controller

    实体类:User.java

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    package com.joker_yue.pojo;

    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 14:34
    */
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String sex;
    }

    Controller:UserController.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.joker_yue.pojo.User;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 14:35
    */
    @Controller
    public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
    @ResponseBody //只要你加@ResponseBody,就不会走视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串
    public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {

    // 创建一个对象
    User user = new User("joker", 18, "男");

    // jackson,ObjectMapper
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    String value = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);


    return value;
    }
    }

我们可以在@RequestMapping上声明返回的数据类型和编码格式:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")

如果在类上标注@RestController,那么此类下所有方法将不会走视图解析器,那么返回值是String的方法可以方便的返回JSOn字符串。

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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.joker_yue.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/30 14:35
*/
// @Controller
@RestController
public class UserController {

@RequestMapping(value = "/j1", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody // 只要你加@ResponseBody,就不会走视图解析器,会直接返回一个字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {

// 创建一个对象
User user = new User("joker", 18, "男");

// jackson,ObjectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
String value = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);


return value;
}
}

时间格式化:

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@RequestMapping(value = "/j3", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody
public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

Date date = new Date();

SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

return mapper.writeValueAsString(simpleDateFormat.format(date));

}
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@RequestMapping(value = "/j4", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody
public String json4() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

// 关闭时间戳显示时间
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);

// 创建格式化时间的方式
SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

mapper.setDateFormat(simpleDateFormat);

Date date = new Date();

return mapper.writeValueAsString(date);

}

我们可以将重复的代码部分实现为一个Util类

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package com.joker_yue.utils;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/30 15:12
*/
public class JsonUtils {
public static String getJson(Object obj, String dateFormat) throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

// 关闭时间戳显示时间
mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);

// 自定义日期格式
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);

return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
}

public static String getJson(Object obj) throws JsonProcessingException {
return getJson(obj, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
}

Controller返回JSON数据-FastJson
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@RequestMapping(value = "/j5", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
public String json5() throws JsonProcessingException {

List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
userList.add(new User("joker", 18, "男"));
userList.add(new User("tom", 13, "男"));
userList.add(new User("jerry", 15, "男"));
userList.add(new User("julie", 15, "女"));

String string = JSON.toJSONString(userList);
return string;

}

SSM整合


image-20230730201652253

Mybatis层
  • 数据库

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    CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;

    USE `ssmbuild`;

    CREATE TABLE `books`(
    `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
    `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
    `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
    `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
    KEY `bookID`(`bookID`)
    )ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

    INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`) VALUES
    (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
    (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
    (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
  • Maven

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    <!-- 依赖:junit,数据库驱动,连接池,servlet,jsp,mybatis,mybatis-spring,spring -->
    <dependencies>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.31</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
    <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.5.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Servlet,JSP -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- mybatis -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.29</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.29</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Lombok -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.24</version>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
    <finalName>SSMBuild</finalName>
    <resources>
    <resource>
    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
    <includes>
    <include>**/*.properties</include>
    <include>**/*.xml</include>
    </includes>
    <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
    <resource>
    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
    <includes>
    <include>**/*.properties</include>
    <include>**/*.xml</include>
    </includes>
    <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
    </resources>
    </build>
    <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
  • pojo

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    package com.joker_yue.pojo;

    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 16:04
    */
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private int bookCount;
    private String bookDetail;
    }
  • dao层Maper接口

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    package com.joker_yue.dao;

    import com.joker_yue.pojo.Books;
    import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

    import java.util.List;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 16:16
    */
    public interface BookMapper {
    // 增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);

    // 删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);

    // 更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);

    // 查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(@Param("bookId") int id);

    // 查询全部的书
    List<Books> queryAllBooks();
    }
  • 接口对应的Mapper.xml文件

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
    PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
    "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.joker_yue.dao.BookMapper">

    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
    insert into ssmbuild.books (bookName, bookCounts, detail)
    values (#{bookName}, #{bookCount}, #{bookDetail})
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
    delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookID}
    </delete>

    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
    update ssmbuild.books
    set bookName = #{bookName}, bookCounts = #{bookCount}, detail = #{bookDetail}
    where bookID = #{id}
    </update>

    <select id="queryBookById" parameterType="int" resultType="Books">
    select *
    from ssmbuild.books
    where bookID = #{id}
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBooks" resultType="com.joker_yue.pojo.Books">
    select * from ssmbuild.books
    </select>

    </mapper>
  • service层的接口和实现类

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    package com.joker_yue.service;

    import com.joker_yue.pojo.Books;

    import java.util.List;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 16:42
    */
    public interface BookService {
    // 增加一本书
    int addBook(Books books);

    // 删除一本书
    int deleteBookById(int id);

    // 更新一本书
    int updateBook(Books books);

    // 查询一本书
    Books queryBookById(int id);

    // 查询全部的书
    List<Books> queryAllBooks();
    }
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    package com.joker_yue.service;

    import com.joker_yue.dao.BookMapper;
    import com.joker_yue.pojo.Books;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

    import java.util.List;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/7/30 16:45
    */
    public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    // Service调用Dao层,需要组合进来
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
    this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }


    @Override
    public int addBook(Books books) {
    return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteBookById(int id) {
    return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int updateBook(Books books) {
    return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
    }

    @Override
    public Books queryBookById(int id) {
    return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Books> queryAllBooks() {
    return bookMapper.queryAllBooks();
    }
    }

Spring层
  • Spring整合Mybatis的相关配置文件,daoc层,spring-dao.xml。我们这里数据源使用c3p0连接池

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 1. 关联数据库配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- 2. 连接池
    dbcp: 半自动化操作
    c3p0: 自动化操作,自动加载配置文件并自动设置到对象中
    druid、hikari
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
    <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

    <!-- c3p0的一些私有属性 -->
    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
    <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
    <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
    <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
    <!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
    <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
    <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
    <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3. sqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    <!-- 绑定Mybatis的配置文件 -->
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>


    <!-- 4. 配置dao接口扫描包,动态的实现了Dao接口可以注入到spring容器中 -->
    <bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
    <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
    <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    <!-- 要扫描的包 -->
    <property name="basePackage" value="com.joker_yue.dao"/>
    </bean>
    </beans>
  • Spring整合service层

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 1. 扫描service下的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.joker_yue.service"/>


    <!-- 2. 将所有业务类注入到spring,可以通过配置或者注解实现 -->
    <bean id="bookServiceImpl" class="com.joker_yue.service.BookServiceImpl">
    <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 3. 声明式事务配置 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
    <!-- 注入数据源 -->
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 4. AOP横切事务 -->


    </beans>

Spring层
  • web.xml

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
    version="4.0">


    <!-- DispatcherServlet 核心Servlet -->
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 乱码过滤 -->
    <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- Session自动超时 -->
    <session-config>
    <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

    </web-app>
  • spring-mvc.xml

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    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 1. 注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!-- 2. 静态资源过滤 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!-- 3. 扫描包:Controller -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.joker_yue.controller"/>
    <!-- 4. 视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <!-- <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/> -->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    </beans>

Ajax


什么是Ajax

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(异步的JavaScript和XML)

  • 是一种在无需重新加载整个网页的情况下,能够更新部分网页的技术

  • 不是一种新的编程语言,而是一种用于创建更好更快以及交互性更强的Web应用程序的技术

  • 2005年Google通过其GoogleSuggest使Ajax变得流行起来。它能够帮你自动完成搜索单词

  • GoogleSuggest使用ajax创造出动态性极强的web界面,当你在谷歌的搜索框输入文本的时候,JavaScript会把这些字符发送到服务器,然后服务器会返回一个搜索建议的列表

  • 传统的网页(即不使用Ajax技术的网页),想要更新内容或者提交一个表单,都需要重新加载整个网页

  • 使用ajax的网页,通过在后台服务器进行少量的数据交换,就可以实现异步局部更新

  • 使用ajax,用户可以创建接近本地桌面应用的直接、可高用、更丰富的web用户界面


jQuery

jQuery是一个库,有js的大量函数(方法)

js:

  • 函数:闭包

  • Dom

    • id,name,tag
    • create,remove
  • Bom

    • Window
    • document

ES6:import,require

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<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Joker
Date: 2023/7/31
Time: 16:51
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>

<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.7.0.js"></script>

<script>
function a() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a1",
data: {"name": $("#username").val()},
success: function (data) {
alert(data);
}
})
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<%--失去焦点的时候,发起一个请求到后台--%>
<a href="/t1"></a>
用户名:<input type="text" id="username" onblur="a()">
</body>
</html>
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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/31 16:22
*/
@RestController
public class AjaxController {
@RequestMapping("/t1")
public String ajax(){
return "ajax";
}

@RequestMapping("/a1")
public void a1(String name, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("a1:name = " + name);
if(name.equals("joker")){
response.getWriter().print("true");
}else{
response.getWriter().print("false");
}
}
}

Ajax异步获取请求
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package com.joker_yue.controller;

import com.joker_yue.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
* @author Joker
* @version 1.0
* @date 2023/7/31 16:22
*/
@RestController
public class AjaxController {
@RequestMapping("/t1")
public String ajax() {
return "ajax";
}

@RequestMapping("/a1")
public void a1(String name, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("a1:name = " + name);
if (name.equals("joker")) {
response.getWriter().print("true");
} else {
response.getWriter().print("false");
}
}

@RequestMapping("/a2")
public List<User> a2() {
ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
// 添加数据
userList.add(new User("joker", 18, "男"));
userList.add(new User("jerry", 18, "男"));
userList.add(new User("tom", 18, "男"));
return userList;
}

@RequestMapping("/a3")
public String a3(String name, String pwd) {
System.out.println("name=" + name);
System.out.println("pwd=" + pwd);
String msg = null;

if (name != null && !name.isEmpty()) {
// admin 这些数据应该在数据库中查找
if ("admin".equals(name)) {
msg = "true";
} else {
msg = "用户名有误";
}
return msg;
} else if (pwd != null && !pwd.isEmpty()) {
if ("12345".equals(pwd) || Integer.parseInt(pwd) == 12345) {
msg = "true";
} else {
msg = "密码有误";
}
return msg;
}
return "出错了!";
}
}

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<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Joker
Date: 2023/7/31
Time: 17:47
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/statics/js/jquery-3.7.0.js"></script>
<script>
function a1() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
data: {"name": $("#name").val()},
success: function (data) {
if (data.toString() === "true") {
$("#userInfo").css("color", "green");
}
$("#userInfo").html(data);
}
})
}

function a2() {
$.post({
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a3",
data: {"pwd": $("#pwd").val()},
success: function (data) {
if (data.toString() === "true") {
$("#pwdInfo").css("color", "green");
}
$("#pwdInfo").html(data);
}
})
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p>
用户名:<input type="text" id="name" onblur="a1()">
<span id="userInfo"></span>
</p>

<p>
密码:<input type="password" id="pwd" onblur="a2()">
<span id="pwdInfo"></span>
</p>

</body>
</html>

拦截器


拦截器类似于Servlet中的过滤器

过滤器

  • servlet规范中的一部分,任何javaweb工程都可以使用

  • 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行过滤

拦截器

  • 是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用

  • 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法,如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的


使用拦截器
  • TestController.java

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    package com.joker_yue.controller;

    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/8/1 15:22
    */
    @RestController
    public class TestController {
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String test(){
    System.out.println("TestController");
    return "ok";
    }
    }
  • MyInterceptor.java

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    package com.joker_yue.config;

    import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/8/1 15:29
    */
    public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    // return true:放行,执行下一个拦截器
    // return false:拦截
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

    System.out.println("===========preHandle===========");
    return true;
    }

    // 日志
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("===========postHandle===========");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("===========afterCompletion===========");
    }
    }
  • applicationContext.xml

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    <!--   拦截器配置    -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
    <!--
    / 过滤所有请求
    /* 过滤当前请求
    /**过滤所有请求
    -->
    <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
    <bean class="com.joker_yue.config.MyInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

文件上传


前端表单要求
  • 必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器

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    <%--
    Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
    User: Joker
    Date: 2023/8/1
    Time: 16:34
    To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="file"/>
    <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

后端要求
  • 使用comons-io

  • Maven配置文件:

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    <dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Java Servlet API -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JavaServer Pages (JSP) API -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.3</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
  • applicationContext.xml

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    <!--  文件上传配置 -->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jsp的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单中的内容,默认为ISO-8859-1 -->
    <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
    <!-- 文件上传大小限制,单位为字节 (10MB=10485760) -->
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
    <!-- 缓冲 -->
    <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
    </bean>
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    package com.joker_yue.controller;


    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;

    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import java.io.*;

    /**
    * @author Joker
    * @version 1.0
    * @date 2023/8/1 16:35
    */

    @Controller
    public class FileController {
    //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成CommonsMultipartFile 对象
    //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

    //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename();
    String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();

    //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页!
    if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){
    return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
    System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);

    //上传路径保存设置
    String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
    //如果路径不存在,创建一个
    File realPath = new File(path);
    if (!realPath.exists()){
    realPath.mkdir();
    }
    System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

    InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流
    OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流

    //读取写出
    int len=0;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
    os.write(buffer,0,len);
    os.flush();
    }
    os.close();
    is.close();
    return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }


    /*
    * 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
    */
    @RequestMapping("/upload2")
    public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {

    //上传路径保存设置
    String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
    File realPath = new File(path);
    if (!realPath.exists()){
    realPath.mkdir();
    }
    //上传文件地址
    System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);

    //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
    file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));

    return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
    }

文件下载


1、设置 response 响应头

2、读取文件 – InputStream

3、写出文件 – OutputStream

4、执行操作

5、关闭流 (先开后关)

代码:

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@RequestMapping(value="/download")
public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
//要下载的图片地址
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
String fileName = "基础语法.jpg";

//1、设置response 响应头
response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
//设置响应头
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));

File file = new File(path,fileName);
//2、 读取文件--输入流
InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
//3、 写出文件--输出流
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();

byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
int index=0;
//4、执行 写出操作
while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
out.write(buff, 0, index);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
input.close();
return null;
}